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ÇCS201Writeup#8
March13,1990
üSpeakerÇ:AndriesvanDam
üTitleÇ:ElectronicBooks:User-controlledAnimationinaHypermediaFramework.
êProfessorvanDamÇpresentsaveryinterestingtalkon
electronicbooks,presenttechnologyonthewaytothem,andthe
ideasthathaveledtowherewearetoday.
äElectronicbooksÇareclosertoelectronicmailandcomputer
bulletinboardsthandesktoppublishing,inthattheyprovidethe
possiblitytointeractwiththeinformation.Adesktoppublishing
systemisasystemtoproducepaperwhichis,byitsverynature,
static.VanDamclaimsthatMacintoshäHypercardÇstacksareastep
intherightdirectionbutthatthemetaphoristoorestrictiveand
thenavigationistooprimitiverenderingHypercarda"cutetoy."
Problemswithelectronicbooksarethattheyarelimitedby
thelowestcommondenominatorinhardware.Graphicsdesignpeople
shouldbeinvolvedinthedesignprocess--currently,people
wouldprefertoreadthesamethingonpaperratherthanona
computerscreen.Therearealsoinsufficientstandards--many
differentcompaniesprovidehypertextsystems,butthedocuments
producedwiththesedifferentsystemscannotbesharedacross
systems.Finally,withthepresentleveloftechnology,authoring
ofhypertextdocumentsispainful--linksmustbeaddedmanually
andlayoutmustallbedonebyhand.
ElectronicbooksofthefuturewilluseühypertextdigraphsÇ,
whichprovidewaystoseelinksbetweensubjectsandavailable
information;andanimationtoillustrateconcepts.Thiswillnot
justbeanimationwhichshowsthesamesequenceofframeevery
timeit'sinvoked.Itmustactuallycontainamodelofthe
processbeingillustratedsothatitcanbeviewatdifferent
anglesformdifferentdistancesandatvariouslevelsofdetail.
Atsomepoint,Dr.vanDamspeculatesthatitwillbepossiblefor
amechanicrepairinganaircrafttowearaheadsetthatprovides
technicalinformationonpartsashelooksatthemwhilerepairing
theplane.Hecouldrefertotheplanedesignspecsandservice
manualsasnecessarywithouthavingtolookuptheneeded
informationinaseriesofpaperbooks.
ProfessorvanDamthenpresentedabriefoverviewofthe
historyofhypertextandinfactthecomputermouse.Theseideas
havebeenaroundsincethe1960'seventhoughtheyhaveonly
becomepopularrecently.Astechnologyprogressed,thesystems
becamemoreandmoreflexible.
Thenextideahepresentedwastheideaofnodesandlinks.
Thesecanbestaticordynamic,authororsystemcreated,content-
orstructure-related,andtypedoruntyped.Theyshouldprovidea
üstickyselectionÇlinksothatnewlinkscanbecreatedas
pathwaysarefollowed.Itshouldalsobepossiblytofollowthe
linksback.
VideotapesofpossibleusesofanimationcreatedatBrown
Universityfinishedoffthetalkwithasplashofcolor.